The Ministry of Social Affairs comprises the three areas of Social Affairs, Health, and Family and Equal Opportunities.

The Ministry's responsibilities include the social security systems in Liechtenstein, such as Old-Age and Survivors' Insurance (AHV), Disability Insurance (IV), and accident and health insurance. Tasks also include overseeing supplementary benefits, family allowances, personal and economic social assistance, private social assistance providers, old-age assistance (i.e., inpatient and outpatient nursing and care), premium reductions in health insurance and rent contributions, and the coordination of social insurance. Other priorities are old-age policy and securing the financing of Old-Age and Survivors' Insurance.

Under Health, the Ministry's responsibilities include public health, health insurance, and the hospital system. Article 18 of the Liechtenstein Constitution sets out the State's public health mandate. This includes creating and optimising the necessary infrastructure while avoiding overprovision, along with monitoring and managing healthcare costs.

The Ministry is also concerned with the compatibility of family and work and with family policy. The State provides a wide range of measures to support families, including financial contributions, tax benefits, assistance in coping with difficult life situations, and counselling services. Equal opportunities are a further focus of the Ministry. This area covers gender equality and the equality of persons with disabilities, as well as integration, social disadvantages, and sexual orientation.

The Justice Department continuously reviews the legal framework in the field of justice in Liechtenstein and adapts it to changing circumstances and international developments.

The responsibilities of the Justice Department cover civil law, including the law on persons and companies; criminal law; execution, estate, and insolvency law; procedural law; data protection; mutual legal assistance, including extradition and transit; execution of sentences, victims assistance, and legal aid; and land transactions and real estate appraisals. Other areas of work include the coordination of public liability and the administration of justice, as well as the legal basis for lawyers and notaries.